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David Alroy
David Alroy (fl. 1160) was a Jewish pseudo-Messiah born in Amadiya, Iraq under the name "Menahem b. Sulayman" and was also known as Ibn ar-Ruhi. David Alroy studied Torah and Talmud under Hasdai the Exilarch, and Ali, the head of the Academy in Baghdad. He was also well-versed in Muslim literature and known as a worker of magic. ==Historical background== The caliphate in the days of Alroy was in a chaotic state. The Crusades had caused a general condition of unrest and a weakening of the authority of the sultans of Asia Minor and Persia. Defiant chieftains set up small independent states and a heavy poll taxes were levied on all males above the age of fifteen 〔Lebrecht, ''The State of the Califate of Bagdad'' in Asher's edition of ''Benjamin of Tudela'', p. 318〕
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